torch.testing

torch.testing.assert_close(actual, expected, *, allow_subclasses=True, rtol=None, atol=None, equal_nan=False, check_device=True, check_dtype=True, check_layout=True, check_stride=False, msg=None)

Asserts that actual and expected are close.

If actual and expected are strided, non-quantized, real-valued, and finite, they are considered close if

$$\lvert \text{actual} - \text{expected} \rvert \le \texttt{atol} + \texttt{rtol} \cdot \lvert \text{expected} \rvert$$

Non-finite values (-inf and inf) are only considered close if and only if they are equal. NaN’s are only considered equal to each other if equal_nan is True.

In addition, they are only considered close if they have the same - device (if check_device is True), - dtype (if check_dtype is True), - layout (if check_layout is True), and - stride (if check_stride is True). If either actual or expected is a meta tensor, only the attribute checks will be performed.

If actual and expected are sparse (either having COO, CSR, CSC, BSR, or BSC layout), their strided members are checked individually. Indices, namely indices for COO, crow_indices and col_indices for CSR and BSR, or ccol_indices and row_indices for CSC and BSC layouts, respectively, are always checked for equality whereas the values are checked for closeness according to the definition above.

If actual and expected are quantized, they are considered close if they have the same qscheme() and the result of dequantize() is close according to the definition above.

actual and expected can be Tensor’s or any tensor-or-scalar-likes from which torch.Tensor’s can be constructed with torch.as_tensor(). Except for Python scalars the input types have to be directly related. In addition, actual and expected can be Sequence’s or Mapping’s in which case they are considered close if their structure matches and all their elements are considered close according to the above definition.

Note

Python scalars are an exception to the type relation requirement, because their type(), i.e. int, float, and complex, is equivalent to the dtype of a tensor-like. Thus, Python scalars of different types can be checked, but require check_dtype=False.

Parameters:

• actual (Any) – Actual input.

• expected (Any) – Expected input.

• allow_subclasses (bool) – If True (default) and except for Python scalars, inputs of directly related types are allowed. Otherwise type equality is required.

• rtol (Optional[float]) – Relative tolerance. If specified atol must also be specified. If omitted, default values based on the dtype are selected with the below table.

• atol (Optional[float]) – Absolute tolerance. If specified rtol must also be specified. If omitted, default values based on the dtype are selected with the below table.

• equal_nan (Union[bool, str]) – If True, two NaN values will be considered equal.

• check_device (bool) – If True (default), asserts that corresponding tensors are on the same device. If this check is disabled, tensors on different device’s are moved to the CPU before being compared.

• check_dtype (bool) – If True (default), asserts that corresponding tensors have the same dtype. If this check is disabled, tensors with different dtype’s are promoted to a common dtype (according to torch.promote_types()) before being compared.

• check_layout (bool) – If True (default), asserts that corresponding tensors have the same layout. If this check is disabled, tensors with different layout’s are converted to strided tensors before being compared.

• check_stride (bool) – If True and corresponding tensors are strided, asserts that they have the same stride.

• msg (Optional[Union[str, Callable[[str], str]]]) – Optional error message to use in case a failure occurs during the comparison. Can also passed as callable in which case it will be called with the generated message and should return the new message.

Raises:

• ValueError – If no torch.Tensor can be constructed from an input.

• ValueError – If only rtol or atol is specified.

• NotImplementedError – If a tensor is a meta tensor. This is a temporary restriction and will be relaxed in the future.

• AssertionError – If corresponding inputs are not Python scalars and are not directly related.

• AssertionError – If allow_subclasses is False, but corresponding inputs are not Python scalars and have different types.

• AssertionError – If the inputs are Sequence’s, but their length does not match.

• AssertionError – If the inputs are Mapping’s, but their set of keys do not match.

• AssertionError – If corresponding tensors do not have the same shape.

• AssertionError – If check_layout is True, but corresponding tensors do not have the same layout.

• AssertionError – If only one of corresponding tensors is quantized.

• AssertionError – If corresponding tensors are quantized, but have different qscheme()’s.

• AssertionError – If check_device is True, but corresponding tensors are not on the same device.

• AssertionError – If check_dtype is True, but corresponding tensors do not have the same dtype.

• AssertionError – If check_stride is True, but corresponding strided tensors do not have the same stride.

• AssertionError – If the values of corresponding tensors are not close according to the definition above.

The following table displays the default rtol and atol for different dtype’s. In case of mismatching dtype’s, the maximum of both tolerances is used.

dtype	rtol	atol
float16	1e-3	1e-5
bfloat16	1.6e-2	1e-5
float32	1.3e-6	1e-5
float64	1e-7	1e-7
complex32	1e-3	1e-5
complex64	1.3e-6	1e-5
complex128	1e-7	1e-7
quint8	1.3e-6	1e-5
quint2x4	1.3e-6	1e-5
quint4x2	1.3e-6	1e-5
qint8	1.3e-6	1e-5
qint32	1.3e-6	1e-5
other	0.0	0.0

Note

assert_close() is highly configurable with strict default settings. Users are encouraged to partial() it to fit their use case. For example, if an equality check is needed, one might define an assert_equal that uses zero tolrances for every dtype by default:

>>> import functools
>>> assert_equal = functools.partial(torch.testing.assert_close, rtol=0, atol=0)
>>> assert_equal(1e-9, 1e-10)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
AssertionError: Scalars are not equal!

Absolute difference: 9.000000000000001e-10
Relative difference: 9.0

Examples

>>> # tensor to tensor comparison
>>> expected = torch.tensor([1e0, 1e-1, 1e-2])
>>> actual = torch.acos(torch.cos(expected))
>>> torch.testing.assert_close(actual, expected)

>>> # scalar to scalar comparison
>>> import math
>>> expected = math.sqrt(2.0)
>>> actual = 2.0 / math.sqrt(2.0)
>>> torch.testing.assert_close(actual, expected)

>>> # numpy array to numpy array comparison
>>> import numpy as np
>>> expected = np.array([1e0, 1e-1, 1e-2])
>>> actual = np.arccos(np.cos(expected))
>>> torch.testing.assert_close(actual, expected)

>>> # sequence to sequence comparison
>>> import numpy as np
>>> # The types of the sequences do not have to match. They only have to have the same
>>> # length and their elements have to match.
>>> expected = [torch.tensor([1.0]), 2.0, np.array(3.0)]
>>> actual = tuple(expected)
>>> torch.testing.assert_close(actual, expected)

>>> # mapping to mapping comparison
>>> from collections import OrderedDict
>>> import numpy as np
>>> foo = torch.tensor(1.0)
>>> bar = 2.0
>>> baz = np.array(3.0)
>>> # The types and a possible ordering of mappings do not have to match. They only
>>> # have to have the same set of keys and their elements have to match.
>>> expected = OrderedDict([("foo", foo), ("bar", bar), ("baz", baz)])
>>> actual = {"baz": baz, "bar": bar, "foo": foo}
>>> torch.testing.assert_close(actual, expected)

>>> expected = torch.tensor([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
>>> actual = expected.clone()
>>> # By default, directly related instances can be compared
>>> torch.testing.assert_close(torch.nn.Parameter(actual), expected)
>>> # This check can be made more strict with allow_subclasses=False
>>> torch.testing.assert_close(
...     torch.nn.Parameter(actual), expected, allow_subclasses=False
... )
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: No comparison pair was able to handle inputs of type
<class 'torch.nn.parameter.Parameter'> and <class 'torch.Tensor'>.
>>> # If the inputs are not directly related, they are never considered close
>>> torch.testing.assert_close(actual.numpy(), expected)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: No comparison pair was able to handle inputs of type <class 'numpy.ndarray'>
and <class 'torch.Tensor'>.
>>> # Exceptions to these rules are Python scalars. They can be checked regardless of
>>> # their type if check_dtype=False.
>>> torch.testing.assert_close(1.0, 1, check_dtype=False)

>>> # NaN != NaN by default.
>>> expected = torch.tensor(float("Nan"))
>>> actual = expected.clone()
>>> torch.testing.assert_close(actual, expected)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
AssertionError: Scalars are not close!

Absolute difference: nan (up to 1e-05 allowed)
Relative difference: nan (up to 1.3e-06 allowed)
>>> torch.testing.assert_close(actual, expected, equal_nan=True)

>>> expected = torch.tensor([1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
>>> actual = torch.tensor([1.0, 4.0, 5.0])
>>> # The default error message can be overwritten.
>>> torch.testing.assert_close(actual, expected, msg="Argh, the tensors are not close!")
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
AssertionError: Argh, the tensors are not close!
>>> # If msg is a callable, it can be used to augment the generated message with
>>> # extra information
>>> torch.testing.assert_close(
...     actual, expected, msg=lambda msg: f"Header\n\n{msg}\n\nFooter"
... )
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
AssertionError: Header

Tensor-likes are not close!

Mismatched elements: 2 / 3 (66.7%)
Greatest absolute difference: 2.0 at index (1,) (up to 1e-05 allowed)
Greatest relative difference: 1.0 at index (1,) (up to 1.3e-06 allowed)

Footer

torch.testing.make_tensor(*shape, dtype, device, low=None, high=None, requires_grad=False, noncontiguous=False, exclude_zero=False)

Creates a tensor with the given shape, device, and dtype, and filled with values uniformly drawn from [low, high).

If low or high are specified and are outside the range of the dtype’s representable finite values then they are clamped to the lowest or highest representable finite value, respectively. If None, then the following table describes the default values for low and high, which depend on dtype.

dtype	low	high
boolean type	0	2
unsigned integral type	0	10
signed integral types	-9	10
floating types	-9	9
complex types	-9	9

Parameters:

• shape (Tuple[int, ...]) – Single integer or a sequence of integers defining the shape of the output tensor.

• dtype (torch.dtype) – The data type of the returned tensor.

• device (Union[str, torch.device]) – The device of the returned tensor.

• low (Optional[Number]) – Sets the lower limit (inclusive) of the given range. If a number is provided it is clamped to the least representable finite value of the given dtype. When None (default), this value is determined based on the dtype (see the table above). Default: None.

• high (Optional[Number]) – Sets the upper limit (exclusive) of the given range. If a number is provided it is clamped to the greatest representable finite value of the given dtype. When None (default) this value is determined based on the dtype (see the table above). Default: None.

• requires_grad (Optional[bool]) – If autograd should record operations on the returned tensor. Default: False.

• noncontiguous (Optional[bool]) – If True, the returned tensor will be noncontiguous. This argument is ignored if the constructed tensor has fewer than two elements.

• exclude_zero (Optional[bool]) – If True then zeros are replaced with the dtype’s small positive value depending on the dtype. For bool and integer types zero is replaced with one. For floating point types it is replaced with the dtype’s smallest positive normal number (the “tiny” value of the dtype’s finfo() object), and for complex types it is replaced with a complex number whose real and imaginary parts are both the smallest positive normal number representable by the complex type. Default False.

Raises:

• ValueError – if requires_grad=True is passed for integral dtype

• ValueError – If low > high.

• ValueError – If either low or high is nan.

• TypeError – If dtype isn’t supported by this function.

Return type:

Tensor

Examples

>>> from torch.testing import make_tensor
>>> # Creates a float tensor with values in [-1, 1)
>>> make_tensor((3,), device='cpu', dtype=torch.float32, low=-1, high=1)
tensor([ 0.1205, 0.2282, -0.6380])
>>> # Creates a bool tensor on CUDA
>>> make_tensor((2, 2), device='cuda', dtype=torch.bool)
tensor([[False, False],
        [False, True]], device='cuda:0')